Giving an Overview of Music Education

In this presentation I am going to give an overview of music education and its relationship with music therapy. Music forms play an important role in human lives. In this paper, I want to consider music therapy. I will focus on some arguments and controversies concerning the matter. While there are many people who believe that music therapy is not effective, I believe that music can provide us with one of the most effective therapies. However, the debate and controversy about music therapy does not end here (Wheeler 13).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Giving an Overview of Music Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Music Therapy Music therapy is the use of music as something that will have positive effects in social, psychological, and physical functioning of people with different educational or health needs. Personally, I believe that current studies are effective because they show the profound effec ts of music. This involves the use of music to heal individuals with different complications. The main therapeutic responses include calming patients, easing tension, promoting movement, and reducing depression (Wheeler 18). It is possible to state that music positively affects the human brain because it eases tension and creates calmness that helps in healing different diseases. On the other hand, there is certain controversy in this issue. Some individuals argue that music is useful for personal relaxation and fulfilment but has no therapeutic properties. Various individuals and researchers argue that music can distort somebody’s feelings especially at high volume (Wheeler 19). Such individuals argue that music cannot be used for individuals who are sick. This controversy is what has excited researchers and has encouraged them to conduct surveys to explore the relevance of music as a tool of therapy. Application of Music Therapy It is important to look at the different vie ws and approaches towards the of use music for therapeutic purposes. With different views and controversies about effectiveness of music as a tool for therapy in mind, I still believe that people can use music for different purposes. Studies have shown that music can influence heartbeat and breathing (Wheeler 28). This can make the body function better and, therefore, we should be willing to use music for our own health benefits. Music can improve somebody’s state of mind thus making it easier to deal with anxiety or any form of depression. Listening to music can help reduce stress and make the body active. Other possible benefits of music include lowering the body pressure, boosting the immunity and easing tension of muscles. However, I would like to point out that some individuals do not see the benefits of the use of music. They argue that music therapy cannot address some of the complications. However, I think the Individuals who are sceptical about the therapeutic prope rties of music should try to listen to music and check if it helps ease their tensions and depression.Advertising Looking for assessment on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I would like to state that, because there are different opinions about music therapy, different individuals should be willing to use music and see whether it can be helpful (Wheeler 38). This will make it easier for them to have a first-hand experience. They will be able to come to the right conclusions as for the use of music. They will definitely agree that music can be a potent tool to treat certain diseases and conditions. This will help people dissolve the existing controversy. This assessment on Giving an Overview of Music Education was written and submitted by user Cayson Benjamin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Battle of White Plains in the American Revolution

Battle of White Plains in the American Revolution The Battle of White Plains was fought October 28, 1776, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). Part of the New York Campaign, the battle came about after British forces landed at Pells Point, NY and threatened to cut off the American line of retreat from Manhattan. Departing the island, the Continental Army established a position at White Plains where it was attacked on October 28. After sharp fighting, the British captured a key hill that compelled the Americans to withdraw. The retreat from White Plains saw General George Washingtons men move across New Jersey before crossing the Delaware River into Pennsylvania. Background In the wake of their defeat at the Battle of Long Island (August 27-30, 1776) and victory at the Battle of Harlem Heights (September 16), General George Washingtons Continental Army found itself camped at the northern end of Manhattan. Moving tentatively, General William Howe elected to begin a campaign of maneuver rather than directly attacking the American position. Embarking 4,000 men on October 12, Howe moved them through Hells Gate and landed at Throgs Neck. Here their advance inland was blocked by swamps and a group of Pennsylvania riflemen led by Colonel Edward Hand. General Sir William Howe. Public Domain Not wishing to force his way through, Howe re-embarked and moved up the coast to Pells Point. Marching inland, they won a sharp engagement over a small Continental force at Eastchester, before pressing on to New Rochelle. Alerted to Howes movements, Washington realized that Howe was in a position to cut his lines of retreat. Deciding to abandon Manhattan, he began moving the main army north to White Plains where he possessed a supply depot. Due to pressure from Congress, he left around 2,800 men under Colonel Robert Magaw to defend Fort Washington on Manhattan. Across the river, Major General Nathanael Greene held Fort Lee with 3,500 men. Battle of White Plains Conflict: American Revolution (1775-1783)Dates: October 28, 1776Armies and Commanders:AmericansGeneral George Washington13,000 menBritishGeneral William Howe14,500 menCasualties:Americans: 28 killed, 126 woundedBritish: 42 killed, 182 wounded The Armies Clash Marching into White Plains on October 22, Washington established a defensive line between the Bronx and Croton Rivers, near the village. Building breastworks, Washingtons right was anchored on Purdy Hill and led by Major General Israel Putnam, while the left was commanded by Brigadier General William Heath and anchored on Hatfield Hill. Washington personally commanded the center. Across the Bronx River, in line with the American right rose Chattertons Hill. Possessing wooded sides and fields on the hilltop, Chattertons Hill was initially protected by a mixed force of militia. Reinforced at New Rochelle, Howe began moving north with around 14,000 men. Advancing in two columns, they passed through Scarsdale early on October 28, and approached Washingtons position at White Plains. As the British neared, Washington dispatched Brigadier General Joseph Spencers 2nd Connecticut Regiment to delay the British on the plain between Scarsdale and Chattertons Hill.  Arriving on the field, Howe immediately recognized the importance of the hill and decided to make it the focus of his attack.  Deploying his army, Howe detached 4,000 men, led by Colonel Johann Ralls Hessians to make the assault. A Gallant Stand Advancing, Ralls men came under fire from Spencers troops which had taken a position behind a stone wall. Inflicting losses on the enemy, they were forced to pull back towards Chattertons Hill when a British column led by General Henry Clinton threatened their left flank.  Recognizing the importance of the hill, Washington ordered Colonel John Haslets 1st Delaware Regiment to reinforce the militia.   As British intentions became clearer, he also dispatched Brigadier General Alexander McDougalls brigade. The Hessian pursuit of Spencers men was stopped on the slopes of the hill by determined fire from Haslets men and the militia. Bringing the hill under intense artillery fire from 20 guns, the British were able to panic the militia leading them to flee from the area. General George Washington. Public Domain The American position was quickly stabilized as McDougalls men arrived on the scene and new line formed with the Continentals on the left and center and the rallied militia on the right. Crossing the Bronx River under the protection of their guns, the British and Hessians pressed on towards Chattertons Hill. While the British attacked directly up the hill, the Hessians moved to envelop the American right flank. Though the British were repulsed, the Hessians flank attack caused the New York and Massachusetts militia to flee. This exposed the flank of Haslets Delaware Continentals. Reforming, the Continental troops were able to beat back several Hessian attacks but were ultimately overwhelmed and forced retreat back to the main American lines. Aftermath With the loss of Chattertons Hill, Washington concluded that his position was untenable and elected to retreat to the north. While Howe had won a victory, he was unable to immediately follow up his success due to heavy rains the next day few days. When the British advanced on November 1, they found the American lines empty. While a British victory, the Battle of White Plains cost them 42 killed and 182 wounded as opposed to only 28 killed and 126 wounded for the Americans. While Washingtons army began a long retreat which would ultimately see them move north then west across New Jersey, Howe broke off his pursuit and turned south to capture Forts Washington and Lee on November 16 and 20 respectively.  Having completed the conquest of the New York City area,  Howe ordered Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis to pursue Washington across northern New Jersey.  Continuing their retreat, the disintegrating American army finally crossed the Delaware in to Pennsylvania in early December. American fortunes would not improve until December 26, when Washington launched a daring attack against Ralls Hessian forces in Trenton, NJ.

Quadrant Homes Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quadrant Homes - Case Study Example They align the goals of all stakeholders (Quadrant Homes ensures that the expectations of the stakeholders that have investment in their company are along the same lines so that everyone is all striving for the same cause. They recognize that variances will occur, and they design routines to handle them when they do (Quadrant Homes realizes that there will be times where the work doesn't flow like it should; as a result, they have routines set for their employees when these situation occur.) Quadrant Homes provides manufacturing and service because, not only do they build houses for people, but they also ensure that the customer is satisfied with their work. If not, they will strive to accommodate them. Quadrant Homes sold over 1,000 homes in 2003, and they produced over $250 millon in revenue; they turned an industry-leading profit margin, and produced a pretax return on investment (ROI) in the low 20s. Within its industry, Quadrant Homes was in the top ranking, in both net income and revenue, and they served as the number one homebuilder in its geographic market, doubling the sales of the next competitor. The success of Quadrant Homes was attributed to the fact that they changed the structure of the business and the way at which they were manufacturing houses (Quadrant Homes was building based on the forecase of houses they thought they could sell; as a result, houses would sit unsold for months which resulted in less revenue and high inventory.) As a result of Quadrant Homes losing revenue, in 1996, President Steve Dennis, Executive Vice President Peter Orser, and Operations Vice President Mark Gray decided to change the structure of the business by modeling the approach of successful Texas homebuilder, Rayco; they restructured the way homes were manufactured and sold, resulting in a system that would boost profits and revenue. 3. The high priorities of Quadrant Homes are best described as ensuring that the quality of the work that they manufacture are appeasing to their clients and the budget that they have set forth in their business. As a result, Quadrant Homes has focused on the relationships that they have developed with their subcontractors, helping to ensure that the work that they produce is of high quality to their clients. While Quadrant Homes sets a flowing chart for themselves to follow, they also set forth guidelines for their subcontract

WH1 EFFECTS OF RELIGION IN EUROPE DURING MIDDLE AGES Essay

WH1 EFFECTS OF RELIGION IN EUROPE DURING MIDDLE AGES - Essay Example The church was a very powerful body back then. Before the establishment of Christianity as a strong religion, the Roman emperor had many Christians killed during this period, because they all refused to bow to Roman gods. Emperor Constantine was the emperor who popularized Christianity as a religion, which saw the era of Christian persecution ending. The Romans who previously worshipped other gods began worshiping God and following Christianity ever since. With the Emperor being a Christian, and all other successors following his example, religion was popularized, not only as a religion, but also as a way of life. However, when the Germans conquered the Romans in the 5th Century, the beginning of the Dark Ages, Catholicism began and religion began becoming increasingly strong. The power of the catholic church was great, since catholic was derived from the word ‘Catholic’ which meant universal, thus making Christianity a universal religion accepted by all. The power of the Catholic Church was so great that it charged taxes and had large tracts of church owned lands, and hence it was more than a religion, but rather a symbol of overall power and the equivalent of a government back then. From an economic perspective, the Catholic Church back then imposed taxes on the people and accepted or called for people to donate gifts, if they wanted to secure a place in heaven. The craze of power held by the church also led it to increase in terms of wealth and became a very wealthy institution. The more wealth the Catholic Church accrued, the stronger it became and the more its power extended to other regions. In relation to the social consideration, the church had a strong foundation for socialization, as going to churches on Sundays alone was mandatory, not to mention in the in-week attendances and masses. Latin was the mostly used language and all the religious people, thus had to

Misconception about Being Muslim Means I Am a Terrorist Essay

Misconception about Being Muslim Means I Am a Terrorist - Essay Example Even if I am a Muslim, I am still worthy of becoming a normal person who does righteous deeds in the society and who disapproves of war as a solution to global conflicts. In social events or gatherings, I often hear people saying that "they are family of Muslims, maybe they are terrorists." In those moments, silence wraps my whole body. I felt that strange feeling of being different from all the others. Still, that statement did not cause me to feel anger nor did it trigger any violent reaction, emotions that others usually associate with my religion. In contrary to the misconception that I am a terrorist, my own background, as well as that of my family, will prove that I am not a terrorist. I am able to study without the school management questioning my credibility because I have done nothing that will lead them to suspect that I am a terrorist. I am living an ordinary life, and I have never been involved nor do I plan to engage myself in any illegal activity that will ruin my reput ation. Terrorists kill without notice; they take away priceless possessions not minding if people will get hurt, which is an indication that they do not have conscience. All people have conscience, and as human beings, Muslims also have conscience similar with the Catholics and the other religions in this world. However, people who have become terrorists may have experienced unpleasant events in their lives that caused them to no longer feel this emotion. Therefore, it is unfair to generalize that all Muslims are terrorists. Yes, I am a Muslim, and I do admit that I am capable of making mistakes, but those mistakes are the ordinary ones that do not affect the whole society. It can be those wrong decisions that I make, small decisions that only affect me and my family but not the whole world. There are good Muslim people who are not capable of hurting others for the reason that they have conscience, and I am one of those. On the other hand, there are also bad ones who hurt others and cause trouble in the society maybe because they have followed the wrong way and were influenced by certain things, persons, or life experiences. Hence, Muslims who have become terrorists are not authentic members of the Islamic church. These terrorists are creating their own laws, laws that are not found in any page of the holy book of Qu'ran. The great devotion of the Muslims to Allah is a manifestation of their unconditional faith to the doctrines of Islam, which do not include terrorism. Most people say that all terrorists are Muslims; fundamentally, it is partly true because they grew up listening to the teachings of Islam. However, the moment they decided to engage themselves in acts that cause harm or death, they have rejected the essence of this religion, in other words, terrorists are not genuine Muslims. They may be Muslims by name, but they are not Muslims by heart. In the first place, if these terrorists are concerned with their fellow Muslims, they could not have propag ated those wars, or spearheaded the terrorists’ attacks that killed the lives of the innocent Muslim people. Everyone is entitled to say their own opinion, but it gets hurtful when they easily judge not only me but also my fellow Muslim brothers and sisters as terrorists. I can say that I am Muslim by blood and spirituality, but I am not a terrorist. I condemn those acts same with other people because I believe that terrorism is making all

Synthesis Of Aspirin And Oil Biology Essay

Synthesis Of Aspirin And Oil Biology Essay Esterification is the reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols to produce esters. Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid was formed by reacting salicylic acid and acetic anhydride while Methylsalicylate was formed from salicylic acid and methanol, both in the presence of H2SO4 responsible for the removal of -OH to form an ester and donates H+ to protonate the salicylic acid. The reaction mixture in the synthesis of aspirin should be heated in temperature between 70-90Â °C for the formation of acetylsalicylic acid crystals that was further collected using vacuum filtration with cold water to wash out the impurities and further produced a 57% yield product. The synthesized methylsalicylate resulted to a minty odor that is used mainly as ointment or cream for treating muscle pains and sprains. Test using FeCl3 to verify the purity of the synthesized aspirin resulted to a violet-colored solution in acetylsalicylic acid making it an impure product because of the presence phenol group that must not be present in the structure. However, positive result in methylsalicylate turned the solution from clear to dark-green and further to a purple solution due to the presence of phenol group. The results of the experiment are therefore accurate and useful in knowing the importance and uses of organic products and knowing the process of esterification involving carboxylic acids and alcohols. __________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid from a family of chemicals known as salicylates is known to be an anti-inflammatory drug and used as a pain reliever (1). On the other hand, oil of wintergreen or methylsalicylate is an external analgesic used to treat muscle aches, sprain, and strains having anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects as well (4). Both the aspirin and methylsalicylate can be produced from salicylic acid, a natural occurring chemical in plants, consisting of two functional groups carboxylic acid and phenol. The synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid and methylsalicylate from salicylic acid results in the formation of ester in the process called esterification where an acid reacts with an alcohol (2). The purity of the synthesized aspirin will be tested by using FeCl3 test where a purple color will determine the presence of the phenol group where the -OH group in the benzene ring will form a complex with Fe+3 (3). MATERIALS AND METHODS For the making of aspirin, a water bath with temperature ranging from 70-90Â °C was prepared while weighing 0.150 g of salicylic acid and dropped 85% H2SO4. Then, 0.3 ml of acetic anhydride was added to the reaction mixture and heated with the prepared water bath until it dissolved. Then, it was recrystallized in an ice bath after adding 0.2 ml deionized water. The formed aspirin was collected using vacuum filtration, washed with cold water, allowed to dry overnight and weighed again to calculate for the percentage yield. For the making of the Methylsalicylate, 0.25 g of salicylic acid was used and added 2.0 ml methanol until it dissolved. Then, 10 drops of H2SO4 was added and heated in the water bath for 15 minutes followed by allowing it to cool down in running water. The odor of the product formed was then determined. For the FeCl3, the synthesized aspirin and methylsalicylate were added 5 ml of distilled water and a drop of 1% FeCl3 to the test tubes for observations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Esterification involving salicylic acid and methanol will produce methylsalicylate that has pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory effects while salicylic acid and acetic anhydride in excess will form acetylsalicylic acid in the presence of H2SO4. The results and observations gathered in the experiment involving the FeCl3 test are summarized in Table 1. Table 1. Data and Results for the Yield of Aspirin and FeCl3 Test A. Yield of Aspirin Mass of Salicylic Acid 0.150 g Mass of acetyl salicylic acid 0.114 g % Yield 57 % B. FeCl3 Test Sample Observation Acetylsalicylic acid Violet-colored Methylsalicylate Liquid; From clear to dark-green solution; Addition of cold water turned into dark purple The aspirin or the acetyl salicylic acid was formed by reacting 0.150 g of salicylic acid with acetic anhydride with the presence of acid catalyst which is H2SO4 to speed up the reaction as well as being responsible in removing the -OH to form an ester. The acid catalyst donates H+ and protonates the salicylic acid as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Reaction of salicylic acid with acetic anhydride Acetic anhydride was used for the reaction will be much faster and will produce a higher percentage yield (5). The reaction mixture was heated in the water bath with temperature between 70-90Â °C to aid in the formation of acetylsalicylic acid crystals and thus making the acetic acid as a byproduct. The salicylic acid dissolved while in the water bath due to the increased heat and increased solubility that made the solution colorless and allowed the salicylic acid white crystals to dissolve. The addition of water after removing the reaction mixture in the water bath aid in destroying the excess acetic anhydride that is unreactive. Then, recrystallization was performed in an ice bath since cooling of the mixture forms white crystals by decreasing its solubility. The aspirin was collected using vacuum filtration while washing it with cold water to separate the solid crystals as well as the removal of impurities in the crystals. After drying, 0.114 g of acetylsalicylic acid was obtaine d with a yield of 57% with calculations shown in Figure 2. Thoretical yield = 0.150 g x x x = 0.20 g Actual yield (Mass of acetyl salicylic acid) = 0.114 g 57%% Yield = x 100 = x 100 = Figure 2. Calculations for the % Yield of the Synthesized Aspirin The methylsalicylate or oil of wintergreen was also formed from salicylic acid where it reacted with methanol in the presence of H2SO4 again for the removal the -OH to form an ester in the reaction called esterification as shown in Figure 3. The sulfuric acid as a catalyst protonates the ester group while the methanol attacks the carbonyl group. As the carbonyl group was deprotonated, methylsalicylate formed. Figure 3. Reaction of salicylic acid with Methanol The product formed a minty odor that is used in food, perfumery, toothpaste, and candies or used as pain-reliever. The purity of the synthesized aspirin and methylsalicylate were tested using FeCl3 to test for the presence of phenol. The acetylsalicylic acid resulted to a violet-colored mixture indicating that the product formed has impurities since the synthesized aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid does not have an OH group, however, it turned violet or dark purple due to the presence of salicylic acid that didnt react purely in the process. On the other hand, methylsalicylate in FeCl3 gave a positive result where it turned dark-green and further into dark-purple due to the presence of phenol thus making the methylsalicylate as a pure product. Over all, the results of the experiment are accurate and useful in appreciating products that occur naturally as well as knowing how to synthesize aspirin and oil of wintergreen from salicylic acid.

Fanons The Wretched Of The Earth and Foucaults Discipline and Punish :: Wretched Of The Earth Essays

Fanon's  The Wretched Of The Earth and  Foucault's Discipline and Punish Fanon's book, "The Wretched Of The Earth" like Foucault's "Discipline and Punish" question the basic assumptions that underlie society. Both books writers come from vastly different perspectives and this shapes what both authors see as the technologies that keep the populace in line. Foucault coming out of the French intellectual class sees technologies as prisons, family, mental institutions, and other institutions and cultural traits of French society. In contrast Frantz Fanon (1925-1961) born in Martinique into a lower middle class family of mixed race ancestry and receiving a conventional colonial education sees the technologies of control as being the white colonists of the third world. Fanon at first was a assimilationist thinking colonists and colonized should try to build a future together. But quickly Fanon's assimilationist illusions were destroyed by the gaze of metropolitan racism both in France and in the colonized world. He responded to the shattering of his neo-colonial identity, his white mask, with his first book, Black Skin, White Mask, written in 1952 at the age of twenty-seven and originally titled "An Essay for the Disalienation of Blacks." Fanon defined the colonial relationship as one of the non recognition of the colonized's humanity, his subjecthood, by the colonizer in order to justify his exploitation. Fanon's next novel, "The Wretched Of The Earth" views the colonized world from the perspective of the colonized. Like Foucault's questioning of a disciplinary society Fanon questions the basic assumptions of colonialism. He questions whether violence is a tactic that should be employed to eliminate colonialism. He questions whether native intellectuals who have adopted western methods of thought and urge slow decolonization are in fact part of the same technology of control that the white world employs to exploit the colonized. He questions whether the colonized world should copy the west or develop a whole new set of values and ideas. In all these questionings of basic assumptions of colonialism Fanon exposes the methods of control the white world uses to hold down the colonies. Fanon calls for a radical break with colonial culture, rejecting a hypocritical European humanism for a pure revolutionary consciousness. He exalts violence as a necessary pre-condition for this rupture. Fanon supported the most extreme wing of the FLN, even opposing a negotiated transition to power. His book though sees the relationship and methods of control in a simplistic light; he classifies whites, and native intellectuals who have adopted western values and tactics as enemies.

Philosophy of Judeo Christian Writings Essay

Explain how the Bible portrays the creativity of God. (25 marks) When read in sequence there are many contradictory statements between Genesis chapter one and two. The origins of the world and order of creation are for example different. Although within the same holy text, the two chapters provide contrasting theories on creation. Many Christian beliefs are based around the idea of creatio ex nihilo, creation from nothing. Yet the very first lines of their ancient text contradict this. They imply that in fact God was â€Å"hovering over the waters† before beginning the creation of the earth. If water was already in existence then God did not create from nothing. Some Christians believe this statement to be a metaphor to help us understand. The waters represent the unknown and unseen, the concept of complete nothingness is too difficult to understand so water’s are introduced. Some point to the phrase â€Å"the earth was formless† to show that perhaps creatio ex nihilo is correct. God doesn’t create the world but moulds it into a more recognisable form; he changes from being a creator to being a designer. Many argue this makes the concept of God less impressive, for if God is not the only eternal thing he is no longer unique. The earth is not God’s idea but more his interpretation. A potter can only make so much with clay as God could only create so much from the chaos of the earth. This limitation means the world is not a creation of God’s but the best he could do with what he had. In Genesis 1 the order of creation is: light, land, vegetation, day and night, creatures of the sea, birds, livestock, wild animals and finally humans. Although humans were made in God’s image they are the final addition to God’s world. The phrasing of this produces confusion for God say’s, â€Å"in our image†, this suggests that there is a group of Gods rather than one ruling over all. This is often seen as God’s recognition of human presence becoming inevitable, so when he says, â€Å"our† he refers to him/herself and humanity. In chapter 2 of Genesis the order of creation is much different. Rather than humans creation being the cherry on the top they are the very first creation from which all else is based. Also the verse says the â€Å"Lord God made the earth† which suggests creation ex nihilo rather than order from chaos. Equally different from the first chapter, God only creates man originally and women come much later. These con tradictions are often the basis of many of the criticisms levelled at Genesis. The difference between God the creator and God the builder is very important and is the basis of all Christian belief. Although there is confusion within the text it is interpreted as being a theory of creatio ex nihilo, separating God from all else in existence. God’s omniscience, omnipresence and omnipotence are central to his superiority over humans. Yet if God is truly omniscient then why did he plant the tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden from which Eve was tempted to eat the forbidden fruit. If God is omniscient he would have known Eve would eat the fruit and therefore deliberately tempted her, if this is correct then it brings in the morality of God. If God knew all this then he deliberately caused Eve pain which would be an evil act, and thus God is not pure goodness, but flawed like the human race. Secondly if God is omnipresence how can he take a physical presence and walk through the Garden of Eden and have a face to face conversation with Adam. As soon as God takes a physical form like when he breathes into Adam’s nostrils in chapter 2 he is less divine and less unique. God is worshipped because he isn’t human, because he is separate and omnipotent, a force that is beyond human understanding. If he isn’t omniscient or omnipresent does this make him less divine? Differences within the genesis story raise these questions and are the basis of doubt for many non believers. â€Å"The creative God of the Bible is similar to Aristotle’s Prime mover† Discuss. (10 marks) A creative God and Aristotle’s Prime mover are similar in a variety of ways. Both are separate and more powerful than anything of worldly origins. They are both eternal and thus timeless. The very basic idea of a â€Å"higher power† is followed in both these examples. Yet there are huge differences between the two theories. The creative God of Judeo Christian beliefs is very much an active participant of the world, he can talk to the people and act upon the requests of humanity. He has the ability to participate in life and have a direct effect on life. This is very different to the Prime mover idea; Aristotle believed that there is a higher being that is in its entirety passive to life. The prime mover is the original efficient cause that began all the activity within the universe but from that action, has taken no further action. Aristotle believed that in order for his prime mover idea to work, the higher force must be infallible in all ways. He must have no potential for potential involves change which the PM can never do. The only effect that the PM has on the world is to attract the people of it, to him. They are attracted to his perfection, he takes no action, never intervenes and has no plan for it, and this is why he is perfect. He has no flaws because on a very basic level he never makes a decision that can be â€Å"wrong†. Morally he also is passive and so therefore can never be evil. Many argue that this inability or refusal to act make the PM an imperfect idea, for he is not perfect but truly neutral. Within the Judeo Christian religions the problem of Evil and suffering is often a reason not to believe or question the beliefs of others. This isn’t an issue within the PM theory for, the PM never intervenes and therefore all evil is human made, yet equally so is all goodness within the world. Within the Judeo Christian religions it is equally the ability of God to do good that attracts people to believe as it is the recognition that evil and suffering is a part of life. God has an active role to play within humanities existence whereas the PM is simply an unmoved ideal that all people are attracted to.

Comma After i.e. and e.g.

Comma After i.e. and e.g. Comma After i.e. and e.g. Comma After i.e. and e.g. By Maeve Maddox A reader wants to know if the abbreviations i.e. and e.g. should be followed by a comma. i.e.: from the Latin phrase id est, â€Å"that is.† Used in English to restate a previous word or expression: â€Å"He really enjoys a good bildungsroman, i.e., coming-of-age novel.† e.g.: from the Latin phrase exempli gratia, â€Å"for the sake of the example.† In English, it means â€Å"for example† and is used to introduce one or more examples: â€Å"I like animals, e.g. dogs, cats, and horses.† The two terms are frequently mixed up. If you have trouble remembering which means â€Å"in other words† and which means â€Å"for example,† you can use a mnemonic to keep them apart, or you can avoid using them altogether. A simple mnemonic that helps many writers is the fact that the word example begins with the letter e. E.g., therefore, is the one that means â€Å"for example.† On the other hand, instead of e.g., you can write â€Å"for example,† and for i.e., you can write â€Å"namely† or â€Å"in other words.† Style guides do not agree on whether or not a comma should follow both these abbreviations. They do all agree that a comma precedes i.e. when the i.e. phrase occurs in a running text (i.e., not enclosed in parenthesis). The consensus seems to be in favor of the comma in American usage; against it in British usage. The Penguin Writer’s Manual (British) shows both i.e. and e.g. without a following comma. Fowler, in his venerable Modern English Usage, opines that â€Å"whether a comma follows [e.g.] or not is indifferent, or rather is decided by the punctuation-pitch of the writer of the passage. He says nothing of i.e. The Chicago Manual of Style states that i.e. and e.g. should be â€Å"confined to parentheses and notes and followed by a comma.† The AP Stylebook, whose â€Å"punctuation-pitch† leans generally to the side of â€Å"the fewer commas the better,† is pro-comma when it comes to i.e. and e.g. According to AP, both abbreviations are â€Å"always followed by a comma.† As with so many matters of punctuation, the writer’s best practice is to choose a style reference and follow its recommendations. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†The Difference Between "will" and "shall"Apostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns

Exhibitions at the International Center of Photography

Exhibitions at the International Center of Photography Two exhibitions â€Å"Roman Vishniac Rediscovered† and â€Å"We Went Back: Photographs from Europe 1933–1956 by Chim† are presented at the International Center of Photography. The pictures made by two photographers who worked during the period of the 1920s-1950s impress the audience with the extreme honesty and realism.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Exhibitions at the International Center of Photography specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Observing the works by Roman Vishniac, a person can feel as prying about the moments of the Jewish people’s life. Focusing on the photographs by Chim (David Seymour), it is possible to feel as the part of the European society between the 1930s and 1950s. The exhibition â€Å"Roman Vishniac Rediscovered† represents the imprinted moments of the Jewish people’s life in the Eastern Europe. The photographs seem to be the caught moments of the eve ryday life and routine. The photographer is distancing himself from those people depicted in the pictures. As a result, the feeling of prying about the audience is created. The composition of many pictures is complex because several elements work to attract the audience’s attention. Many photographs represent children whose face expressions and reactions to realities are rather exemplary and frank (â€Å"Roman Vishniac Rediscovered†). The black-and-white photographs create the effect of minimalism, but they also help accentuate definite important details balancing the light and shadow in the picture. In his works, Vishniac combines the aspects of the Jewish people’s life in communities and ghettos with the depiction of Nazi elements. Thus, the portrayals of Jewish schoolchildren are presented next to the pictures with swastika and Nazi Storm Troopers to accentuate the contrast (â€Å"Roman Vishniac Rediscovered†). As a result, the photographs depicting th e moments of the ordinary life of people during the period between the two World Wars, which can be discussed as documentary ones, are perceived as the real pieces of art. The whole life in its deepness is illustrated by Roman Vishniac with the help of the caught face expressions and body movements in their combination with presenting complex surroundings. David Seymour worked as a photographer using pseudonym Chim. The photographer is unique in his ability to provide effective portraits as well as photographs demonstrating a lot of people or even crowds of people.Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The works by Chim should be discussed and interpreted with references to the large political and social context. The crowds of people at the square, people listening to the speeches of political leaders or people participating in the land reform meetings are depicted in a lot of pictures by Chim (â€Å"We Went Back: Photographs from Europe 1933–1956 by Chim†). From this point, Chim focused in his works on presenting the history of societies. All the black-and-white or color photographs demonstrated at the exhibition â€Å"We Went Back: Photographs from Europe 1933–1956 by Chim† are different in their tone, style, and theme. However, these photographs are astounding in relation to their illustrativeness and earnest to reflect the atmosphere of the situations and moments depicted. The exhibitions â€Å"Roman Vishniac Rediscovered† and â€Å"We Went Back: Photographs from Europe 1933–1956 by Chim† allow feeling the unique unstable atmosphere of the 1930s-1950s. In spite of the fact Roman Vishniac and David Seymour focused on different themes and objects to depict, these photographers used similar approaches to creating the realistic photographs which can represent the mood and atmosphere of the moment with re ferences to the historical, cultural, and social context. Roman Vishniac Rediscovered. 2013. Web. https://www.icp.org/exhibitions/roman-vishniac-rediscovered-traveling-exhibition. We Went Back: Photographs from Europe 1933–1956 by Chim. 2013. Web.

The Development of Unreal Tournament Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Development of Unreal Tournament - Essay Example However, the latest installment in the series, the Unreal Tournament III, has a single player campaign. The story in Unreal Tournament III is extremely simple and the gameplay is not exactly unique. It has got the exact same game types in single player as it has in multiplayer. The only real difference being, all of the opponents are bots, or computer-controlled artificial intelligence (AI). However, I personally think that the single-player campaign is the only negative aspect of â€Å"The Unreal Tournament†. Undoubtedly, Unreal Tournament’s biggest selling point is the online multiplayer experience. There are over thousands of servers to play on and even more different types of gameplay (often user-created) and it’s completely free of charge. The unique thing about playing online is that PC users and those with a PS3 have the option of either playing together or against each other in the same game. This increases the total number of players online and ensures that you will have no trouble finding people to play any game type. The game supports all the normal and usual multiplayer features such as chat and voice chat. The graphics are just simply a big improvement compared with the graphics of the previous installments in the series. The game couldn’t possibly look any more realistic and real. Everything from the walls to the static meshes, t o the debris and even the water, looks real enough to touch in Unreal Tournament III. The improved graphics can even make just watching this game fun, and even more enjoyable to play. The Unreal Engine is a great piece of the software application that is coupled together with most of the games created by the company EPIC. It is a basic tool software that the company uses to produce the games they have sold in the past or are being sold presently in the market.

Critically Evaluate the Evidence for the Mode of life, Behaviour and Essay

Critically Evaluate the Evidence for the Mode of life, Behaviour and Ancestry of the Pterosaurs (flying reptiles) - Essay Example Pterosaurs form the group of the first animals to fly. The winged lizards belonged to the order pterosauria. Their wings stretched from the ankle to a lengthened forth finger. Their bones were hollow, and air filled, like those for birds. They had a keeled breastbone that developed and got attached to flight muscles. Their brain was enlarged hence, showed specialized features associated with flight. Later developments of the species saw their shoulders fused into a structure known as notarium. Its purpose was to conceal the torso during flight and provide a stable support to the shoulder blade. Wilton (2013) research shows that pterosaurs remained conservative for 70 million years after which, they started practicing adaptation with all kinds of new modes of life. Such adaptation lifestyles included change of food and food sources. Pterosaurs are believed to be the ancestors of the modern day birds. However, this is not the truth. They resemble birds in many ways, but they are not cl ose to being birds. There were two major kinds of pterosaurs, the rhamphorhynchoid and pterodactyls. The first consisted of a smaller pterosaur, and the later comprised of large bodied and rare pterosaur (Bennet, 1989). Main features of pterosaurs They belonged to the category of weak flyers. Recent studies implicate that the wings of the pterosaurs were flappers, not gliders. An elongated digit on their claws was attached to them. The flight membrane and muscle attachments connected the digit to the arm, shoulders and chest to enable the creature gain stability during flight (Bennet, 1989). The wings extended up to 40 feet and attached to the hind limbs. The essence was to connect the hands and legs. The bones were hollow (i.e. honeycomb). This made them light for easy flight (Bennet, 1989). The membranes were very complex but very thin for flight purposes. The consistent of the membrane included blood vessels, fibrous tissues and small muscles. The membrane performed cooling funct ions preventing the body from too much heat (Bennet, 1989). Pterosaurs walked on four legs. This caused constraint to the animal since it could not walk fast with its limbs connected to the wings. These features lead to the conclusion that pterosaurs evolved from tree climbing reptiles. Their claws were curled like those of tree climbing reptiles (Frey et al. 2003). The claws of the hind limbs resembled those of the birds that walked on the ground (Prentice, Ruta & Benton, 2011). Those of the forelimbs resembled those of the perching birds. The adaptability mode for the limbs was to be able to walk on the ground and perch on trees (Bennet, 1989). Scientists critically examine the head of the animals and come up with many physiological and behavioral traits of the animals. The shape of the head acts as an adaptive feature for prey catching. Some pterosaurs had beaks long, to about two feet (Witton, &Naish, 2008). Those that had teeth were very sharp aligned on the side of both jaws. The ones that did not have teeth had very long, pointed and sharp edged bills (Kellner, 2003). The animal had a head that sloped downwards. The floccolus is a lobe in the brain that had connections to the eye and neck muscles (Padian, 1997). The functions of the connection were to stabilize and sharpen view of pray within the eyes. Some pterosaurs had head crests thought to have been used to attract mates or repel rivals and attackers (Prentice, Ruta& Benton, 2008). They